Abstract

Ideal tokamaks have axisymmetric magnetic fields that, by symmetry, cannot impart toroidal angular momentum. Yet, even without obvious external sources of momentum, such as neutral-beams, they rotate at speeds up to a substantial fraction of the ion thermal speed. This spontaneous rotation is an unequivocal signature of momentum transport (presumably turbulent) up the velocity gradient—- that is, in the opposite direction to any supposed shear viscosity. Theoretical suggestions for the mechanisms producing spontaneous rotation exist; but even qualitative confrontation of theory with experiment is at a rudimentary stage. This presentation will summarize some key experimental observations that require explanation. Understanding the spontaneous rotation is vital for future devices like ITER , where beam-driven rotation will be small, and might be relevant also in the space and astrophysical context.