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SUMMARY:Mechanism in Collective Organizations of Living and Synthetic Cell
 s - Professor Joachim P. Spatz\, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research
  & Heidelberg University
DTSTART:20191111T110000Z
DTEND:20191111T120000Z
UID:TALK134290@talks.cam.ac.uk
CONTACT:Dr Georg Krainer
DESCRIPTION:Regulating the emergence of leading individuals is a central p
 roblem to collectively migrating biological entities. For example\, leader
 s in the mobile animal groups arise through collective decision making of 
 the followers. However\, the fundamental control of leader selection remai
 ns unclear in the physiologically relevant collective migration of epithel
 ial cells. Here we present that the selective emergence of leader cells at
  the epithelial wound-margin depends on the dynamics of the follower cells
  and is spatially limited by the length-scale of collective force transduc
 tion. Owing to the dynamic heterogeneity of the monolayer\, cells behind t
 he prospective leaders manifest locally increased traction and monolayer s
 tresses much before these leaders display any phenotypic traits. Once form
 ed\, the territory of a leader can extend only to the length up-to which c
 ells can pull on their neighbors. These findings provide a novel mechanobi
 ological-insight into the hierarchy in cell collectives during epithelial 
 wound healing.\nThe evolution of cellular compartments for spatially and t
 emporally controlled assembly of biological processes such as wound healin
 g was an essential step in developing life by evolution. With the ultimate
  aim to construct life-like materials such as a living cell\, the scientif
 ic approach of matter-to-life strives to reconstitute cellular phenomena i
 n vitro – disentangled from the complex environment of a cell. In recent
  years\, working towards this goal gave new insights into the mechanisms g
 overning life. We will discuss strategies to reverse-engineer and recombin
 e functional parts for synthetic eukaryotes\, mimicking the characteristic
 s of nature’s own prototype. Particularly\, we will focus on large outer
  compartments\, complex endomembrane systems with organelles and versatile
  cytoskeletons as hallmarks of eukaryotic life. Moreover\, we identify mic
 rofluidics and DNA nanotechnology as two highly promising technologies whi
 ch obtain the integration of these functional modules into sophisticated m
 ultifunctional synthetic cells.\n\n1. A molecular mechanotransduction path
 way regulates collective migration of epithelial cells\; Nature Cell Biolo
 gy 2015\; DOI 10.1038/NCB3115\n\n2. Sequential bottom-up assembly of mecha
 nically stabilized synthetic cells by microfluidics\; Nature Materials 201
 8\; DOI 10.1038/NMAT5005\n\n3. Mechanical interactions among followers det
 ermine the emergence of leaders in migrating epithelial cell collectives\,
  Nature Communication 2018\; DOI 10.1038/S41467-018-05927-6\n
LOCATION:Department of Chemistry\, Cambridge\, Unilever lecture theatre
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