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SUMMARY:Changing Connectomes: How Brain Network Changes are Linked to Cogn
 ition in Health and Disease  - Prof. Marcus Kaiser (University of Nottingh
 am\, UK)
DTSTART:20221124T150000Z
DTEND:20221124T160000Z
UID:TALK193112@talks.cam.ac.uk
CONTACT:Sofia Orellana
DESCRIPTION:The complete set of connections in the brain is called our con
 nectome. Over the last 20 years we have found out more about how this netw
 ork is organised and how this organisation is linked to brain function [1\
 ,2]. I will outline how characteristic network features arise during evolu
 tion\, how they are linked to brain function\, and how they originate duri
 ng individual brain development [3]. 		\n    For example\, small-world fea
 tures enable the brain to rapidly integrate and bind information while the
  modular architecture\, present at different hierarchical levels\, allows 
 separate processing of various kinds of information while preventing wide-
 scale spreading of activation [4]. Hubs play critical roles in information
  processing and are involved in many brain diseases [5]. \n    Long-distan
 ce connections are crucial to reduce the number of processing steps. Conne
 ctomes show more long-distance connections than would be expected if energ
 y minimisation would be a primary goal of network optimisation. Indeed\, b
 oth C. elegans and the macaque show non-optimal component placement [5]. I
 n a recent paper [6]\, we show that this non-optimal organisation also occ
 urs for the human connectome. Moreover\, such a spatial layout has benefit
 s in network dynamics allowing for easier switching between brain states. 
 Therefore\, there might be distinct cognitive benefits\; conversely\, we m
 ight expect cognitive deficits in brain network disorders to be linked to 
 an altered spatial organisation of brain networks.\n    Finally\, I will o
 utline how information about topological and spatial connectome changes ca
 n be a starting point for personalised interventions with non-invasive bra
 in stimulation using focused ultrasound.  \n\n[1] Martin\, Kaiser\, Andras
 \, Young. Is the Brain a Scale-free Network? SfN Abstract\, 2001.	\n[2] Sp
 orns\, Chialvo\, Kaiser\, Hilgetag. Trends in Cognitive Science\, 2004.	\n
 [3] Kaiser. Changing Connectomes. MIT Press\, 2020 	http://tiny.cc/connect
 ome \n[4] Kaiser et al. New Journal of Physics\, 2007.	\n[5] Kaiser & Hile
 gtag\, PLOS Computational Biology\, 2006.	\n[6] Hayward\, Huo\, Chen\, Kai
 ser. Network Neuroscience\, in press. \n\n
LOCATION:Online
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