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SUMMARY:Computational Neuroscience Journal Club - Matthew Kerr (CBL)
DTSTART:20160906T150000Z
DTEND:20160906T160000Z
UID:TALK67341@talks.cam.ac.uk
CONTACT:Daniel McNamee
DESCRIPTION:Matthew Kerr will cover:\n\n* Opponent and bidirectional contr
 ol of movement velocity in the basal ganglia\n* Eric A. Yttri	& Joshua T. 
 Dudman\n* Nature (2016)\n* http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v533/n7603
 /full/nature17639.html\n\nABSTRACT:\nFor goal-directed behaviour it is cri
 tical that we can both select the appropriate action and learn to modify t
 he underlying movements (for example\, the pitch of a note or velocity of 
 a reach) to improve outcomes. The basal ganglia are a critical nexus where
  circuits necessary for the production of behaviour\, such as the neocorte
 x and thalamus\, are integrated with reward signalling to reinforce succes
 sful\, purposive actions. The dorsal striatum\, a major input structure of
  basal ganglia\, is composed of two opponent pathways\, direct and indirec
 t\, thought to select actions that elicit positive outcomes and suppress a
 ctions that do not\, respectively. Activity-dependent plasticity modulated
  by reward is thought to be sufficient for selecting actions in the striat
 um. Although perturbations of basal ganglia function produce profound chan
 ges in movement\, it remains unknown whether activity-dependent plasticity
  is sufficient to produce learned changes in movement kinematics\, such as
  velocity. Here we use cell-type-specific stimulation in mice delivered in
  closed loop during movement to demonstrate that activity in either the di
 rect or indirect pathway is sufficient to produce specific and sustained i
 ncreases or decreases in velocity\, without affecting action selection or 
 motivation. These behavioural changes were a form of learning that accumul
 ated over trials\, persisted after the cessation of stimulation\, and were
  abolished in the presence of dopamine antagonists. Our results reveal tha
 t the direct and indirect pathways can each bidirectionally control moveme
 nt velocity\, demonstrating unprecedented specificity and flexibility in t
 he control of volition by the basal ganglia.
LOCATION:Cambridge University Engineering Department\, CBL\, BE-438 (http:
 //learning.eng.cam.ac.uk/Public/Directions)
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