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SUMMARY: Inside & Out Flight: aerodynamics and skeletal function during sl
 ow flight in birds - Dr Kristen Crandell\, Department of Zoology
DTSTART:20161103T131000Z
DTEND:20161103T140000Z
UID:TALK68968@talks.cam.ac.uk
CONTACT:Janet Gibson
DESCRIPTION:Slow flight is extremely energetically costly per unit time\, 
 yet highly important for takeoff and survival in birds. However\, at slow 
 speeds it is presently thought that most birds do not produce beneficial a
 erodynamic forces during the entire wingbeat: instead\, they fold or flex 
 their wings during upstroke\, prompting the long-standing prediction that 
 the upstroke produces trivial forces. Here\, I examined the kinematics\, a
 erodynamics\, and skeletal contribution to the upstroke in birds that use 
 both major upstroke styles that birds exhibit. Diamond doves that keep the
 ir wings extended in a “wingtip-reversal” upstroke (at Re=50\,000) pro
 duce a kinematic and aerodynamic signature similar to the clap-and-peel me
 chanism previously reported only in insects (Re=8\,000). In contrast\, zeb
 ra finch use a “flexed-wing” upstroke that is aerodynamically inactive
 . Integrating an XROMM (X-ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology) study o
 f pigeons and starlings\, I demonstrate that the supination of the tip-rev
 ersal upstroke occurs via a slide of the carpometacarpus across the cuneif
 orm of the wrist. Collectively\, I reveal that the clap and fling mechanis
 m utilized by many species is a wing motion that is aerodynamically benefi
 cial and largely due to an interaction of the skeletal elements.
LOCATION:The Richard King Room\, Darwin College
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